A Critique On Locavorism. Locavorism - 1422 Words

Hailey Kruger English 125 Professor Miller 30 September 2015 A Critique on Locavorism Locavorism – the idea that food grown in close proximity to where one consumes it is not only more nutritious and better tasting, but also more environmentally responsible than mass produced food – seems to be igniting a food revolution in America (The Week Staff). The movement has gained momentum across America as the number of farmers markets has increased fivefold since 1994 (The Week Staff). Locavores, those who champion the locavorism movement boast that buying and eating food locally is more environmentally sound, more nutritious and safer, but do their claims hold up? Sums of historical and scientific data disprove claims that locavorism is an all around better system than that used by agri-business. While buying and consuming food locally makes sense at times, confining people to only consuming local food is actually less sustainable, less, nutritious, and less safe than consuming food that is mass produced. Scientific data has disproven Locavore’s claims that buying food locally is more environmentally friendly and sustainable than purchasing globally grown food and instead illustrates the benefits of â€Å"agri-business† food. Locavore’s claim that the distance food travels from where it was grown to where is will be consumed – known as food miles- seriously contribute to environmental problems (Shimizu and Desrochers Introduction). However, transportation composes only a small

Life Without Television Free Essays

When my family’s only television set went to the repair shop the other day, my parents, my sister, and I thought we would have a terrible week. How could we get though the long evenings in such a quiet house? What would it be like without all the shows to keep us company? We soon realized, though, that living without television for a while was a stroke of good fortune. It became easy for each of us to enjoy some activities alone, to complete some postponed chores, and to spend rewarding time with each other and friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Without Television or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before. We read a lot of books such as Obama’s biography, â€Å"Dreams from my father† by Barack Obama, â€Å"Heaven is for real† by Tomas Nelson, and â€Å"Unbroken† by Laura Hillenbrand. Before we lived without television, we watched some dramas instead of novels and we watched cartoons such as family guy instead of cultural books. Through we read books we could have discussions about books that we had read. We each also enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages. We started to go hiking every weekend which was my mother’s hobby. In addition, my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework. When we were doing homework, we need a lot of time to finish it because of Television shows’ sounds. But we realized that we could do homework a lot faster than when we were with television. Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had needed attention for some time. We painted near the windows and we repaired a doorknob that didn’t work for a long time. We also had a chance to do some long-postponed shopping. Go shopping with family was one of my sister’s wishes. She was so happy and entire family members wear a smile. Our family became more active than we had a television set. And each of us also caught up with e-mail and did paper work that was long overdue. After that, we started to realize that television had killed our time so much. Finally, and probably most important, we spent time with each other. Instead of just being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. I had never thought about what my family members’ worries. Through we were talking each other, we could share our troubles. Moreover, for the first time in years, my family played some games together. We played Monopoly, which was my favorite game, and Texas holdem poker, which was my father’s favorite game. And because we didn’t have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over on a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them. We realize that our family is the best friend. Once our television returned, we were not prepared to put it in the attic. But we had a sense of how it can take over our lives if we are not careful. We are now more selective. We turn on the set for our favorite shows, certain sports events, and the news, but we don’t leave it running all evening. As a result, we find we can enjoy television and still have time left over for other activities and interests. How to cite Life Without Television, Essays

Lip Syncing and Vocal Performance Essay Example For Students

Lip Syncing and Vocal Performance Essay Performers are supposed to show us there talent on stage than in a video and that mean not to lip sync so that also means you should be on your a-game and give us the paying fans their real voice and not a voice over. Everyone is a different performer when it comes to world tours and performing in general some artist like there stage to be simple and some artist like for there stage to be extreme. There are many artist that go to perform and lip syncing some have a reason and some dont. Famous lip syncing artist are Milli Vanilli, Beyonce, Michael Jackson, Mariah Carey, and Ashlee Simpson. Performing is a hard thing to do depending on what you perform and where you perform. Its as if the fakery has become satisfactory, (Jonathan Vankin) Performing is a task on its own and could be difficult it requires time and creativity. Singing is also a task alone but if your a artist with the talent of singing and dancing its even harder but they committed to this life and should be ready for whats being thrown at them. Lip-syncing is common is the music industry but also is frowned upon because we expect more from them as entertainment and as a artist that we pay to see. I personally dont like getting half of a performer if I go to your concert or show I came to the show to see a show not to hear a voice over and some artist really dont care and some artist do and I will give example of artist who lip synced and see if they had a reason why or if they have reason. One famous lip-syncing artist was a group duo called Milli Vanilli they were a RB,pop, and dance music project created by Frank Farian in Munich, West Germany in 1988. They had a number one international success album called â€Å"Girl You Know Its True† and this album achieved them two Grammy Awards one of them was for Best New Artist in Febuary, 1990. They started to become a major act between 19980s to the 1990s. On the MTV Lake Compounce show Milli Vanilli was performing there song â€Å"Girl You Know Its True† and the Track began to skip they tried to play it off and they eventually ran of stage. Milli Vanilli eventually came out that not only did they only lip sync on stage but that they did not sing on their whole album and that someone else did. After there announcement that had to give back there grammy they were dropped from there label and their album was deleted from there master catalog they were able to keep there American Music Awards since they were voted on by the comsumers. They tried to release a second album but didnt succeed. There lip syncing scandal went down as a the most famous lip-syncs in the world and what was there reason no one knows to this day. I can personally think it was for the fame and it was wrong in all the reasons. Another artist that lip-synced was Ashlee Simpson. Ashlee Simpson is the little sister to Jessica Simpson and on her performance on the Saturday Night Live episode on October 23, 2004 and she performed 2 songs and when she started to performed her second song the track for her first song started to play and she told the people on national television that her band played the wrong song and she walked off the stage. Two days later when she was on TRL and was asked about it she told them that she couldnt sing because she had acid reflux and as doctors orders she couldnt sing. .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a , .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a .postImageUrl , .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a , .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a:hover , .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a:visited , .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a:active { border:0!important; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a:active , .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63bbbc3a482624c59071a0a96933925a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The History of Music in Advertising EssayI personally think this is the most thought out lie if she knows she was caught lip-syncing on national television she should be honest with it but she was mostly focusing on her career and now she doesnt even have one now. The more you lie about the things you do as a person in the spot light your career can end and this is just nothing compared to what other artist in this industry done as lip-syncing some artist lip-sync and still have a career . These next two artist have huge careers and are on the top charts and even they lip-synced but only one has a valid reason of lip-syncing. This artist has been singing for a while but recently she been lip-syncing a lot in many places like awards shows, news summer concerts, and even in her own concerts and her name is Mariah Carey. Mariah Carey has been in the music industry for a while now so she should know how hard it is and should know how to lip-sync if she does with a reason but lately she has been lip-syncing for no reason and has been getting caught. She was caught lip-syncing on the today summer concert series when she went to do her high pitched notes and nothing came out. She was also lip-syncing at the BET awards 2013 where at one part she started one second earlier than the song played. She was accused to be lip-syncing during the American idol final and the producers from the show had to deny all of the allegations. Now being known as a lip-syncer is tough because every one will start to think that all you do is lip-sync at every performance you do and that could ruin your reputation and even fans and supporters. There also a part where you could be dropped from a label if you keep on lip-syncing. Things like this can ruin your career but this next artist is the true definition of a lip-syncer with a reason and only does it one in a blue moon. This artist came out way after Mariah Carey and rose to fame from a group to a solo artist who had their flaws with performance and lip-syncing and their name is Beyonce Knowles. Beyonce has been caught lip-syncing a couple of time and with most of them there has been times where she hasnt. Her most famous lip-syncing scandal was during the 44th presidential Inauguration when she was caught singing along with her track. The following week at a Superbowl Press Conference she re-sung the National Anthem in front of interviewers and she was asked why she lipped-synced and her reason was because she didnt get to rehearse with the band and she wanted to make it perfect for her country so she thought it will be better to sing along with the pre-recorded track. This was probably the answer I have ever heard a lip syncer say then they were caught. This wasnt the only time she was caught lip-syncing recently she was caught lip-syncing on the On The Run Tour but to this day she hasnt made a statement about this video. As a national artist she is being a normal singer and she is just trying to be the best she can just like the other artist in this paper. Artist are fighting everyday to be at the top and only a handfull of artist can and most cant so basically you need to be the real person you are in your videos and be that on stage dont try to over work your self and just enjoy the life as a celebrity that a lot of people cant get. Lip-syncing is like a crime in the industry your damned if you do and your damned if you dont. Its like a two way streak you win and you dont. Lip-syncing is like a sign of weakness to me you basically lacking the talent that you say you have and then you dont show it. Lip-syncing is false advertisement showing us something that isnt real and your basically taking our money and using it for yourself. Lip-syncing is or could be looked as a unwritten crime and that you could be penalized and possibly lose your career.

Managerial accounting free essay sample

a. Sales budget: April May June Quarter Budgeted sales in units 35,000 45,000 60,000 140,000 Selling price per unit Ãâ€" $8 Ãâ€" $8 Ãâ€" $8 Ãâ€" $8 Total sales $280,000 $360,000 $480,000 $1,120,000 b. Schedule of expected cash collections: February sales $ 48,000 $ 48,000 March sales 112,000 $ 56,000 168,000 April sales 70,000 140,000 $ 70,000 280,000 May sales 90,000 180,000 270,000 June sales 120,000 120,000 Total cash collections $230,000 $286,000 $370,000 $ 886,000 c. Merchandise purchases budget: Budgeted sales in units 35,000 45,000 60,000 140,000 Add budgeted ending inventory* 40,500 54,000 36,000 36,000 Total needs 75,500 99,000 96,000 176,000 Less beginning inventory 31,500 40,500 54,000 31,500 Required unit purchases 44,000 58,500 42,000 144,500 Unit cost Ãâ€" $5 Ãâ€" $5 Ãâ€" $5 Ãâ€" $5 Required dollar purchases $220,000 $292,500 $210,000 $ 722,500 *90% of the next month’s sales in units. Case 8-29 d. Budgeted cash disbursements for merchandise purchases: April May June Quarter March purchases $ 85,750 $ 85,750 April purchases 110,000 $110,000 220,000 May purchases 146,250 $146,250 292,500 June purchases 105,000 105,000 Total cash payments $195,750 $256,250 $251,250 $703,250 2. Cravat Sales Company Cash Budget For the Three Months Ending June 30 April May June Quarter Cash balance, beginning $ 14,000 $ 10,250 $ 10,000 $ 14,000 Add receipts from customers (Part 1 b.) 230,000 286,000 370,000 886,000 Total cash available 244,000 296,250 380,000 900,000 Less disbursements: Purchase of inventory (Part 1 d.) 195,750 256,250 251,250 703,250 Sales commissions 35,000 45,000 60,000 140,000 Salaries and wages 22,000 22,000 22,000 66,000 Utilities 14,000 14,000 14,000 42,000 Miscellaneous 3,000 3,000 3,000 9,000 Dividends paid 12,000 0 0 12,000 Land purchases 0 25,000 0 25,000 Total disbursements 281,750 365,250 350,250 997,250 Excess (deficiency) of receipts over disbursements (37,750) (69,000) 29,750 (97,250) Financing: Borrowings 48,000 79,000 0 127,000 Repayments* 0 0 (16,000) (16,000) Interest* 0 0 (3,020) (3,020) Total financing 48,000 79,000 (19,020) 107,980 Cash balance, ending $ 10,250 $ 10,000 $ 10,730 $ 10,730 *This is the maximum amount (in increments of $1,000) that the company could repay to the bank and still have at least a ,000 ending balance. We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ** $48,000 Ãâ€" 1% Ãâ€" 3 = $1,440 $79,000 Ãâ€" 1% Ãâ€" 2 = 1,580 Total interest = $3,020 Case 8-29 3. Cravat Sales Company Budgeted Income Statement For the Three Months Ended June 30 Sales revenue (Part 1 a.) $1,120,000 Variable expenses: Cost of goods sold (140,000 ties @ $5 per tie) $700,000 Commissions (140,000 ties @ $1 per tie) 140,000 840,000 Contribution margin 280,000 Fixed expenses: Wages and salaries 66,000 Utilities 42,000 Insurance expired 3,600 Depreciation 4,500 Miscellaneous 9,000 125,100 Net operating income 154,900 Interest expense 3,020 Net income $ 151,880 Case 8-29 4. Cravat Sales Company Budgeted Balance Sheet June 30 Assets Cash (Part 2) $ 10,730 Accounts receivable (see below) 450,000 Inventory (36,000 ties @ $5 per tie) 180,000 Unexpired insurance ($14,400 – $3,600) 10,800 Fixed assets, net of depreciation ($172,700 + $25,000 – $4,500) 193,200 Total assets $844,730 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Accounts payable, purchases (50% Ãâ€" $210,000.) $105,000 Dividends payable 12,000 Loans payable, bank ($127,000 – $16,000) 111,000 Capital stock, no par 300,000 Retained earnings (see below) 316,730 Total liabilities and equity $844,730 Accounts receivable at June 30: 25% Ãâ€" May sales of $360,000 $ 90,000 75% Ãâ€" June sales of $480,000 360,000 Total $450,000 Retained earnings at June 30: Balance, March 31 $176,850 Add net income (Part 3) 151,880 Total 328,730 Less dividends declared 12,000 Balance, June 30 $316,730

Simple Conjugations for Tomber (to Fall) in French

Simple Conjugations for Tomber (to Fall) in French One of the most used verbs in the French language,  tomber  means to fall. This could be used for a physical fall or for something like falling in love (tomber amoureux). When you want to say fell or falling, a conjugation is required and that is the subject of this French lesson. The Basic Conjugations of  Tomber Tomber is a regular -er verb, which does make it easier because it follows the conjugation rules for the majority of French verbs. Words like rà ªver (to dream) and monter (to go up) use the same endings and with each of these you study, the new ones become a little easier. The indicative mood is the most common. It includes the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses youll need for most conversations. Using the chart, you can study  tombers conjugations by finding the subject pronoun and the corresponding tense needed for your sentence. As an example,  je tombe  means I am falling and  nous tombions  means we fell. Present Future Imperfect je tombe tomberai tombais tu tombes tomberas tombais il tombe tombera tombait nous tombons tomberons tombions vous tombez tomberez tombiez ils tombent tomberont tombaient You might find it easier to memorize these conjugations if you practice them in context. Luckily, there are plenty of opportunities to do so with a verb like  tomber. An interesting expression you may like is  tomber dans les pommes  and its not used for to fall into apples like you may expect. The Present Participle of  Tomber As a regular verb, the  present participle  conjugation of tomber  is really easy. Simply add -ant  to the verb stem and you have  tombant. Tomber  in the Compound Past Tense Passà © composà © is the French compound past tense. Its main component is the past participle tombà ©, though youll also need an auxiliary verb. In this case, its à ªtre. To form it, conjugate  Ãƒ ªtre  into the present tense appropriate to the subject, then add the past participle. This produces phrases like  je suis tombà ©Ã‚  for I fell and  nous sommes tombà ©Ã‚  for we fell. More Simple Conjugations of  Tomber Its a good idea to add a few more basic conjugations of  tomber  to your vocabulary. Each has their own use and will only increase your French fluency. The subjunctive, for example, implies uncertainty to the act of falling.  The conditional  is used when the act is dependent on conditions. Both  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are found in formal French writing. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je tombe tomberais tombai tombasse tu tombes tomberais tombas tombasses il tombe tomberait tomba tombt nous tombions tomberions tombmes tombassions vous tombiez tomberiez tombtes tombassiez ils tombent tomberaient tombrent tombassent All formality is lost when using  the French imperative. Here, you can skip the subject pronoun and simply use the verb so you can be as assertive and to the point as possible. Imperative (tu) tombe (nous) tombons (vous) tombez

Convection Currents and How They Work

Convection Currents and How They Work Convection currents are flowing fluid that is moving because there is a temperature or density difference within the material. Because particles within a solid are fixed in place, convection currents are only seen in gases and liquids. A temperature difference leads to energy transfer from an area of higher energy to one of lower energy. Convection is a heat transfer process. When currents are produced, matter is moved from one location to another. So, this is also a mass transfer process. Convection that occurs naturally is called natural convection or free convection. If a fluid is circulated using a fan or a pump, its called forced convection. The cell formed by convection currents is called a convection cell or  Bà ©nard cell. Why Convection Currents Form A temperature difference causes particles to move, creating a current. In gases and plasma, a temperature difference also leads to regions of higher and lower density, where atoms and molecules move to fill in areas of low pressure. In short, hot fluids rise while cold fluids sink. Unless an energy source is present (e.g., sunlight, heat), convection currents only continue until a uniform temperature is reached. Scientists analyze the forces acting on a fluid to categorize and understand convection. These forces may include gravity, surface tension, concentration differences, electromagnetic fields, vibrations, and bond formation between molecules. Convection currents can be modeled and described using convection-diffusion equations, which are scalar transport equations. Examples of Convection Currents and Energy Scale You can observe convection currents in water boiling  in a pot. Simply add a few peas or bits of paper to trace the current flow. The heat source at the bottom of the pan heats the water, giving it more energy and causing the molecules to move faster. The temperature change also affects the density of the water. As water rises toward the surface, some of it has enough energy to escape as vapor. Evaporation cools the surface enough to make some molecules sink back toward the bottom of the pan again.A simple example of convection currents is warm air rising toward the ceiling or attic of a house. Warm air is less dense than cool air, so it rises.Wind is an example of a convection current. Sunlight or reflected light radiates heat, setting up a temperature difference that causes the air to move. Shady or moist areas are cooler, or able to absorb heat, adding to the effect. Convection currents are part of what drives global circulation of the Earths atmosphere.Combustion generates conv ection currents. The exception is that combustion in a zero-gravity environment lacks buoyancy, so hot gases dont naturally rise, allowing fresh oxygen to feed the flame. The minimal convection in zero-g causes many flames to smother themselves in their own combustion products. On a larger scale, atmospheric and oceanic circulation are the large-scale movement of air and water (the hydrosphere), respectively. The two processes work in conjunction with each other. Convection currents in the air and sea lead to weather.Magma in the Earths mantle moves in convection currents. The hot core heats the material above it, causing it to rise toward the crust, where it cools. The heat comes from the intense pressure on the rock, combined with the energy released from natural radioactive decay of elements. The magma cant continue to rise, so it moves horizontally and sinks back down.The stack effect or chimney effect describes convection currents moving gases through chimneys or flues. The buoyancy of air inside and outside of a building is always different due to temperature and humidity differences. Increasing the height of a building or stack increases the magnitude of the effect. This is the principle on which cooling towers are based.Convection currents are evide nt in the sun. The granules seen in the suns photosphere are the tops of convection cells. In the case of the sun and other stars, the fluid is plasma rather than a liquid or gas.

THE STUDY OF EXPECTATION GAP IN THE ACCOUNTING EDUCATION OF UNITED Assignment

THE STUDY OF EXPECTATION GAP IN THE ACCOUNTING EDUCATION OF UNITED KINGDOM & EMPLOYERS REQUIREMENT (ANALYSING LEEDS UNIVERSITY) - Assignment Example The review of literature indicates a framework of educating students in the accounting departments. The studies involve study of the expectation gap, the performance and the constraints gap to help students understand the analysis of the accounting platform. The survey questionnaire aims at providing supportive information to students and universities concerning the study of expectation gap in the accounting education of the United Kingdom. The survey seeks to find information concerning student and employee requirements in the University of Leeds. University Name: Please take time to fill the questionnaire. This will take approximately 30- 45 minutes to finish the questionnaire. Correct response to the questions is important, as it will assist the school and the human resources department in securing a better curriculum in the accounting sector. Thank you for taking time to assist the school in becoming a better education provider. Purpose of the Survey The survey gives insight of t he thoughts of students concerning the present accounting curriculum. It enables the management of Leeds University to handle the challenges concerning the current curriculum. The questionnaire is important hence provide valid and correct information. SECTION A (Answer the provided questions by ticking the appropriate answer) 1. What is your gender? Male Female 2. Kindly tick your year of teaching Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior 3. How old are you? Kindly check the ONE that best describes Under 14 14 -15 16 -17 18 -19 20+ 4. On average, how can you describe your students accounting grades? Kindly chose ONE response Not very good Fair Average Very good Excellent 5. At what level did you start teaching accounting? High school College University Job/ Working Uncertain 6. What aspects would you like to see change in the education sector? Teaching mode Teaching hours Number of classes available Number of lecturers available 7. For how long have you been in Leeds? Kindly pick the ONE tha t describes you Since birth More than 10 years 5-10 years Less than 5 years Analysis of the health 8. Describe your health by choosing ONE response Poor Fair Good Very good Excellent 9. Do you have any long term disabilities like leukemia Yes No 10. In response to the long-term disability, kindly choose the relevant topic I do not have such a condition Learning disability Physical disability Emotional disability Allergies (food) Allergies (respiratory) Asthma Diabetes Other (please specify ______________________________________ 11. Do we need to reconsider the condition before putting you in long hours? I do not have such a condition Yes No 12. In general how satisfied or dissatisfied do you feel about your job? Very Satisfied Satisfied Not sure Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied 13. Express your feelings about the terms and conditions Very Satisfied Satisfied Not sure Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied 14. Check the appropriate box that shows the level of satisfaction. Please check appropr iate box. Satisfied Dissatisfied Uncertain Salary Amount of annual leave Security of employment Flexibility of working hours Your input into decision making within the organization Opportunity for professional development 15. Does the organization support your place to work? Yes No Not sure 16. Does the university provide a friendly place to work? Yes No Not sure 17. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the general guidance and managerial direction from the university? Very Satisfied S

Presuade Your Employer You Deserve A Raise Essay

Presuade Your Employer You Deserve A Raise - Essay Example I believe that I have been exceptional in all that time that I have served the organization till now. I know that I have not given a full year to the organization but whatever, I have given is worth praise. There are people who work to earn a living. There are those who work to keep themselves occupied. There are also those who work to achieve a sense of fulfillment and those who work for a multiple combinations of the three reasons mentioned above. I work because I am passionate about what I do. It is not surprising then, to see that in a short span of a little under a year, I have achieved more than what you could have expected and have delivered on all fronts. When I joined the organization, I was completely new to the concept of the retail industry. However, in a small amount of time, I have achieved what was not possible for other people. I was given a higher position keeping the fact aside that I was not an experienced person. I appreciate the step taken by the organization in terms of my upgrade. However, I was also looking towards a raise in my pay. I do not think you can deny the fact that the consumer appliances segment of our store has been extremely well organized and my peers appreciate my contribution to the changes that I had suggested – and which have been implemented – in the way we track our inventory. I think the suggestions were a function of the time I had spent at the store and also my ability to innovate. Using the new inventory tracking process, our suppliers can be requested for replenishing the stock before a particular item gets completely depleted. You might like to believe that inventory management is not a central issue for a retail store, but I would request you to walk down to any of the other consumer electronics stores across the mall. You would observe two things: Another critical factor that I would like to draw your attention to is that I have developed my own set of regular clientele

Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove Essay Example for Free

Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove Essay \In Joseph Heller’s novel, Catch-22, and Stanley Kubrick’s film, Dr. Strangelove, the bureaucrats are illustrated as illogical and untrustworthy. Heller’s attention to administrations such as the hospital and the military-establishment are recognized for their unreliable rationality and logic. Similarly, in Dr. Strangelove, Kubrick mocks the absurdities of the nuclear arms race and of the officials of the United States and The Soviet Union as he conveys the malfunction of highly placed government bureaucrats. Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove, are two satirical and somewhat historical works that effectively comment on the corrupt and perhaps insane bureaucrats. The lives of Yossarian and the men in his squadron in Catch-22 are not determined by their own decisions but instead, by the decisions of the impersonal bureaucracy. The bureaucrats are absolutely oblivious to any attempt the men make to reason with them logically. Major Major, for example, will only see people in his office if he is not there and sends them away when he returns. Doc Daneeka refuses to ground Yossarian for his â€Å"insanity† because Yossarian’s desire to be grounded reveals that he is sane. Doc Daneeka elaborates in his discussion of Orr, Yossarian’s tent-mate. â€Å"Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn’t, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn’t have to; but if he didn’t want to he was sane and had to.† (46) Yossarian and the others in his squadron find that what they say and do has little effect on their fate when the bureaucracy controls them. Their only option is to follow the illogical rules and use what is expected of them to their own advantage. Yossarian’s superiors are more concerned with getting a promotion than they are about winning the war. Colonel Cathcart, the colonel in command of Yossarian’s squadron, tries to impress his superiors by â€Å"bravely† volunteering his men for dangerous combat. Cathcart’s only concern is being promoted to general. Cathcart continually raises the number of combat missions required of the men before they can be sent home. Yossarian argues with Doc Daneeka who explains, â€Å"†¦regulations do say you have to obey every order. That’s the catch. Even if the colonel were disobeying a Twenty-seventh Air Force order by making you fly more missions, you’d still have to fly them, or you’d be guilt y of disobeying an order of his.† (58) Similarly, Dr. Strangelove also criticizes the malfunctions of bureaucracy and the inadequacy of officials. General Jack Ripper gives the command to attack the Soviet Union without permission from his superiors or the president. Instead of discussing the idea of an attack with is supervisors, Ripper orders the attack because, according to him; Clemenceau†¦ said war was too important to be left to the generals. When he said that, 50 years ago, he might have been right. But today, war is too important to be left to politicians. They have neither the time, the training, nor the inclination for strategic thought. I can no longer sit back and allow Communist infiltration, Communist indoctrination, Communist subversion and the international Communist conspiracy to sap and impurify all of our precious bodily fluids. -Criticizes the malfunction of bureaucracy. (Dr. Strangelove) Mr. President’s embarrassment about the issue demonstrates bureaucracy does not function appropriately because those lower in command should not determine the launch of nuclear powers. Further exemplifying the inadequacy of the bureaucrats, the Joint Chiefs in the war room show their unprofessional and blatant prejudice, especially toward the Russians. General Buck Turgidson clearly states, Im beginning to smell a big fat Commie rat, and later refers to them as a bunch of ignorant peons. The Germans are also referred to when Turgidson, upon learning Dr. Strangeloves original German name, passes it off as a Kraut by any other name. Dr. Strangelove, the character, also calls into question the reliability of people in power. Strangelove is clearly the Presidents scientific adviser in the war room whose appearance copies the mad scientist stereotype with his wild hair, black gloved hand, and his clearly brilliant yet insane mind. Through their presentation of bureaucracy, Heller and Kubrick display why officials and politicians are unfit to make important decisions concerning the safety of the country. Catch-22 conveys this notion through the bureaucracy’s enforcement of impractical rules and Catch-22’s on the eccentric men in Yossarian’s squadron. Kubrick suggests the same concept in Dr. Strangelove by frequently demonstrating the disorder, madness and prejudice of the officials. In either piece, the reader carries away the certainty of the instability of the men in control of important military and national decisions.

Intellectual Property and the Future of the Music Industry Essay

Corruption, Conscience, and Copyright: The Current State of Intellectual Property and the Future of the Music Industry â€Å"Today’s pirates operate not on the high seas but on the Internet, in illegal CD factories, distribution centers, and on the street. The pirate’s credo is still the same--why pay for it when it’s so easy to steal? The credo is as wrong as it ever was. Stealing is still illegal, unethical, and all too frequent in today’s digital age. That is why RIAA [Recording Industry Association of America] continues to fight music piracy.† – RIAA.com The human conscience is a powerful tool. And if you are like most Americans, you probably consider yourself to be a rather moral person, at least based upon your own morality, your own conscience. Chances are, however, that you have engaged in some form of illegal activity during your life: speeding down a familiar road, jaywalking across an empty street, driving with a broken blinker. Assuming you consider yourself to be of high moral stature, how does your conscience reconcile this? The answer: the unlawful does not always imply the unethical, and that which is illegal is not necessarily immoral. Since the digital revolution in the 1990’s, the downloading of copyrighted music has skyrocketed. The Recording Industry Association of America, RIAA, has denounced music piracy, claiming that it is both illegal and immoral. And they drive a hard bargain, arguing the following: 1. Downloading music is against the law. 2. Downloading music betrays the songwriters and recording artists who create it. 3. Downloading music stifles the careers of new artists and up-and-coming bands. 4. Downloading music threatens the livelihood of the thousands of working people who are em... ...ec_39_00000201----000-.html Blackburn, David. On-line Piracy and Recorded Music Sales. Dec. 2004. http://www.katallaxi.se/grejer/blackburn/blackburn_fs.pdf CD Baby. Who/What are we? http://cdbaby.com/about Holahan, Catherine. Downloading Music’s New Deal. Business Week Online. Oct. 31, 2006. p8-8, 1p. Leach, Eric and Henslee, Bill. Follow the Money: Who's Really Making the Dough? Nov. 1, 2001. http://emusician.com/mag/emusic_follow_money_whos/index.html Lessig, Lawrence. The Limits of Copyright. June 19, 2000. http://www.lessig.org/content/standard/0,1902,16071,00.html McCourt, Tom, and Burkart, Patrick. When Creators, Corporations and Consumers Collide: Napster and the Development of On-line Music Distribution. 2003. Sage Publications. Music United. Why You Shouldn't Do It. http://www.musicunited.org/4_shouldntdoit.html

American Writers Essay

List of American Novels for Research Project English 11H Historical/War Red Badge of Courage, Stephen Crane Killer Angels, Michael Shaara A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien Cold Mountain, Charles Frazier My Brother Sam is Dead, JL Collier African-American Beloved, Toni Morrison (mature themes) I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou Native Son, James Baldwin The Color Purple, Alice Walker (mature themes) Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston Malcom X (autobiography- lengthy) A Lesson Before Dying, Ernest Gaines. The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, Ernest Gaines Go Tell it on the Mountain, James Baldwin Black Boy, Richard Wright (memoir) Dystopian/Futuristic/Science Fiction Ender’s Game, Orson Scott Card Slaughterhouse 5, Kurt Vonnegut Catch-22, Joseph Heller The Giver, Lois Lowry Martian Chronicles, Ray Bradbury Realism/Naturalism/Regionalism The Call of the Wild, Jack London White Fang, Jack London O’Pioneers, Willa Cather My Antonia, Willa Cather Maggie, Girl of the Streets, Stephen Crane The Jungle, Upton Sinclair Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain Miscellaneous Modern/Contemporary novels The Secret Life of Bees, Sue Monk Kidd. The Natural, Bernard Malamud (baseball; Jewish myth) One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Ken Kesey (set in a mental asylum) House on Mango Street, Sandy Cisneros Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan (Chinese-American culture) The Help, Kathryn Stockett (set in 1960s; about African-American maids in the South) Shoeless Joe, WP Kinsella (baseball) Franny and Zooey, by JD Salinger (from 1950’s; If you have an interest in world philosophy or eastern religion, you’d probably like this. ) The Outsiders, S. E. Hinton The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath (mature themes) Research Novel Lottery Preparation. Native American Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, Sherman Alexie Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian, Sherman Alexie Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko Quest/Journey On the Road, Jack Kerouac The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway The Road, Cormac McCarthy Dark Romanticism The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne (set in Puritan New England; challenging) ark Roma nticis m he Scarlet Letter For our project, you will read one of the books on this list and (later) research the reasons this has become a significant member of the American literary canon. (What literary elements make it unique or powerful? What impact has this work had on our history or way of thinking? ) During our next class, we will conduct a lottery so that each student has a different title. To help insure that you end up with a title that you will enjoy, please spend 20-30 minutes choosing 4 titles from the list that you will be pleased to read and research. You ARE NOT allowed to read any book that you have previously read. I strongly suggest you do some Internet searches on various titles to examine what those books are all about, and to determine if their content might appeal to you. You also need to make sure ahead of time that your choices are okay with your parents. Remember, we will draw names and choose titles, so it’s highly likely you won’t get your first choice. You may, in fact, want to come up with more than four choices! Four top choices: 1_________________________________________________________________________ 2_________________________________________________________________________ 3_________________________________________________________________________ 4_________________________________________________________________________ Please see side two for list of titles—————————————————————————–?

Nairobi Securities Exchange

Investors use earning information to calculate the level of cost of equity capital. The cost of equity for a firm is computed by adding up the risk free rate and a premium for exposure to systematic risk as follows: Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + (risk measure) x (Market risk premium) 1.4 Nairobi Securities Exchange The Nairobi Securities Exchange offers a trading platform for both the local and international investors who are looking to gain exposure to Kenya and Africa's economic growth. NSE play a critical role in the growth of Kenya's economy by encouraging savings and investment by helping local and international companies access cost-effective capital. NSE is regulated by the Capital Markets Authority of Kenya. CMA approves public listing and fosters investor's confidence by ensuring rules, regulations and requirements for trade are complied with and market integrity is sustained in order to guarantee orderly, fair and efficient markets (CMA, 2016). CMA retains investor's confidence by ensuring rules, regulations and requirements for trade are complied with and market integrity is maintained. CMA also plays an important responsibility of mobilization and allocation of capital resources in the economy in order to provide incentives for long term investments (NSE, 2016) In Kenya, listed firms are required to produce quarterly, semi-financial statements and audited annual reports. Financial statements are prepared according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and audited using International Standards on Auditing (ISA). The CMA guidelines encourage firms to disclose additional information on director and management remuneration (CMA, 2016). The performance of the NSE is an indication as to whether the investors have trust in the safety of their investment, trading goes down significantly with low investor's confidence.NSE is categorized into three different market segments namely the Main Investment Markets (MIMS), the Alternative Investment Markets (AIMS) and the Fixed Income Securities Market Segment (FISMS). According to CMA (2017) as at December 2017, listed companies at the NSE were 64, categorized into 11 sectors namely: Agricultural sectors, Automobiles and Accessories sector, Banking sector, Commercial and Services sector, Construction and Allied sector, Energy and Petroleum sector, Insurance sector, Investment sectors, Manufacturing and Allied sector, Telecommunication and Technology sector and Growth and Enterprise Market Segment sector Banking sector is the largest sector represented with 18% of the total firms listed at the NSE, second is commercial and Services sector and Manufacturing and Allied with 15% each, Agricultural sector which is one of the country major economic sector is represented by 11% of the total firms quoted. Telecommunication and Technology and Growth and Enterprises Market sectors were the lowest each with 2% of the total firms quoted. Through NSE, disclosures have had an impact on how investors trade, when the level of disclosure is high, investors confidence increases hence higher level of trading. The CMA guidelines encourage firms to disclose additional information on director and management remuneration (CMA, 2016). The performance of the NSE is an indication as to whether the investors have trust in the safety of their investment, trading goes down significantly with low investor's confidence.1.5 Statement of the Problem Inherent shortcomings of traditional reporting have prompted development of voluntary disclosure models. Transparency and disclosure creates and sustains confidence of investors, stakeholders and the winder society and provides opportunity for continuous improvement of business structure and processes. Corporate governance is currently an area broadly being researched on by many scholars, due to increased application of corporate governance practices all over the world after major corporate scandals due to lack or improper disclosure. This study targets one pillar of corporate governance on the cost of equity capital, which is voluntary disclosure. Disclosed information provides a signal with an aim of revealing the state of a company to the investors for consideration in investment activities. Information has important and vital role, information should be understandable, complete, accurate, timely and reliable (Fahdiansyah, 2013). Information is considered informative if it is relevant and can change stakeholder's belief and gives confidence to investors. Annual reports are important tools in communicating essential information about a company both financial and non financial information (Barako, 2007). The key drivers of corporate value in critical areas of the business are not reported under the traditional accounting model, as such theorist and researchers have begun to develop models for additional voluntary information disclosure. The concept of voluntary disclosure has been growing given the needs to keep with the clients expectations. Investors and clients have challenged companies on the need to provide more than what is required by the law and regulations. In Kenya, investors obtain essential information regarding trading activities of listed companies in NSE through their annual reports and other bulletins from CMA. Studies done in Kenya context include a study Mwangi and Mwiti (2015) investigated the impact of voluntary disclosure on stock performance, Mutiva (2015) examined the effect of voluntary disclosures on financial performance of firms quoted at NSE, Lopokoiyit (2012) investigated the effect of the corporate governance practices on share prices of companies listed at the NSE, these studies found a direct relationship between voluntary disclosure and company performance. Study by Asava (2013) investigated the effect of voluntary disclosure on stock returns of listed companies, her study reveals that there was no correlation between voluntary disclosure and stock returns. Barako (2007) in his study of determinants of voluntary disclosure in Kenyan listed company's' annual reports, observed that companies cannot link their board disclosure, foreign ownership and firm size significantly affect financial performance. Studies by Diamond and Verrecchia (1991), Botoan (1997), Hail (2002), Botosan and Plumlee (2002), Richard and welker (2001) and Lopes and Alencar (2008), shows a negative association between voluntary disclosure and the cost of equity capital using direct approach. However these studies were done in developed economies with few studies done in the context of developing nations, these studies tested the association between voluntary disclosure and several aspects such as profitability (Verracchia and Webber, 2006) stock liquidity. However most of these literatures are leaning more on factors that influence the extent of voluntary disclosure. Literatures from previous studies conducted locally have skewed more to factors that influence extent of voluntary disclosures with few on the effect of voluntary disclosure on the cost of equity capital on firms listed in NSE, the motivation of this research is developed by the fact that majority of past research have given conflicting arguments creating a dilemma that necessitates further research on the effect of voluntary disclosure on the cost of equity capital of firms in Kenya. 1.6 Objective of the study The general objective of this study is to examine the effects of voluntary disclosure on the cost of equity of capital. The following are the specific objectives.i). To examine the effect of forward-looking information voluntary disclosure on the cost of equity capital.ii). To determine the effect of financial information voluntary disclosure on the cost of equity capital.iii). To evaluate the effect of corporate social responsibility information voluntary disclosure on the cost of equity capital. iv). To establish the effect of Board information voluntary disclosure on the cost of equity capital. 1.7 Research question The study will be guided by the following research questions.i. What if the effect of forward-looking information disclosure on the cost of equity capital?ii. What is the effect of financial information disclosure on the cost of equity capital? iii. What is the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility information disclosure on the cost of equity capital? iv. What is the effect of Board Size information disclosure on the cost of equity capital? 1.8 Significance of the study Voluntary disclosures provide an extra way for investors to judge a company's performance. This study will therefore enable the investors to make better investment decisions and better capital allocations. It will also emphasize on increased transparency which reduces information asymmetry that may exist between the investors and the management team. This study will likewise extend the literature on voluntary disclosure to academicians. The study will also help listed and unlisted companies in Kenya in understanding the role of voluntary disclosure in the management of their firms with aim to reduce cost of its equity capital.CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 IntroductionsThis chapter introduces theories that explain the subject of voluntary disclosure and past empirical studies relating to the variables under the study.2.2 Theoretical ReviewReporting and disclosure are the most important tools that companies use to communicate with interest-related parties. Several theories have been documented to relate voluntary disclosure. They are Agency theory, Capital Need theory, Signaling theory and Stakeholder theory. Literature review presents theories about the subject of voluntary disclosure. 2.2.1 Agency TheoryAgency theory was developed by Jensen and Meckling in 1976 who defined agency relationship as a contract under which one or more persons delegate decision making authority to another person to perform some services on their behalf. Agency theory explores the relationship between a principal and an agent. In the context of a company, the manager (agent) acts on behalf of the shareholder (Principal). Company owners empower managers to make decisions on their behalf. Shareholders do not actively participate in the management of their investments instead they engage managers to act on their behalf. This makes managers have information advantage hence creating incentive to maximize their own value as opposed to that of the shareholders. Scott (2012) stated that the application of agency theory is used to explain the conflict of interest between managers and investors. The agency problem arises due to conflict of interest between the investors and management because their goals are not in agreement. Agency theory is concerned with solving two problems arising in the agency relationship: an agency problem arises when there is a conflict between the goals of the principal and that of the agent making it difficult for the principal to accurately evaluate and determine the value of decision made by the agent. Secondly problem of risk sharing arising from diverse attitude of the principal and the agent towards risk, the problem is each tends to select a different action when the risk happens (Depoers, 2000). One way in which agency problem can be minimized is by means of contract, it helps in bringing shareholders interest in line with managers' interests (Healy and Palepu, 2001).These contracts require management to disclose relevant information to investors and to creditors. Consequently principal can check if the management complied with the contract agreements and evaluate if their decisions are in alliance with their interest, monitoring managers by mean of contract comes with a cost at the expense of manager's compensation and in order to reduce any potential conflict, principals incur monitoring costs while agents incur bonding costs which guarantees the interest of the principal is prioritized. Agency costs are the total of monitoring costs, bonding costs and residual loss. According to agency theory, disclosing information voluntary is viewed as a better mechanism of mitigating the agency problem between the agents and principals (Hawashe, 2014). Managers who posses private information about a firm are able to use their information they posses to make credible and reliable communication to interested parties to optimize the value of the firm (Barako, 2007), these disclosure may include investment opportunity and financing policy of a company, however managers who pursue their own interest may fail to make proper information disclosure. Managers increases the level of voluntary information which is expected to reduce the agency cost (Barako et al., 2006) and also to convince the external users that managers are acting in an optimal way (Watson et al., 2002). OCED (2004) states that a strong disclosure policy is one of the expected monitoring forms that is useful as a basis of adequate information for investment decision making by investors. 2.2.2 Capital Need TheoryThe main aim any company is to attract external finance to increase their capital either through debt or equity, however companies are disclosing more information voluntary as a measures of minimizing costs of raising its capital. The capital need theory can help to explain the reasons behind the disclosure

project scope essays

project scope essays PROJECT SCOPE - CDL Entertainment, Inc. is a worldwide company with offices in the United States, Europe, Japan, and South America. The company engages in the development of audio and video special effects for the entertainment and advertising industry. Although the company is a rather large company consisting of approximately 1,000 employees, the offices are not networked causing a need to improve communication with one another. In todays technology world, this has become a major downfall for CDL to sustain a competitive edge in a very ruthless industry. The management at CDL needed to determine if networking all of their offices was a viable solution to the problem or if there were other alternatives to the problem. The problem CDL Entertainment faced was the company was incurring excess costs associated with the current computer systems located at each location and the current business processes used at each office. As the project team reviewed the current situation, it was determined each office had a loss of nearly 20% of its projected annual revenue due to poor turnaround time and missed client deadlines (this is discussed in more detail in the Current System Costs section beginning on page 14). As an example of this, one of CDLs customers, JPR Incorporated, decided to discontinue doing business with the company after more than a ten-year relationship. The reason for this was due to another missed deadline on January 13, 2002. This was the eighth deadline missed, after missing seven previous deadlines. The consequences of CDL Entertainment missing this deadline caused JPR Incorporated to lose a major contract with Time Warner. The problem occurred when CDL Enterprises was to provide necessa ry audio and visual equipment to JPR Incorporated to complete a major production shoot of an upcoming movie in production negotiations with Time Warner. CDL did not meet this deadline due to the equipment being held up in the shi...

Architecture and Commerce-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Carson Pirie Scott Department Store was the first building in the nineteenth century that incorporated the word skyscrapers in the city of Chicago 1 . The fruits of a new prosperity are enjoyed when the dawns of enlightened views break through the dark problems that surround us thereby creating a new freedom for the human kind Carson Pirie Scott Department Store breaks the monotony of crowds of the tall building along State and Madison Streets of Chicago. The structure is constructed of bronze on the ground floor with the facades finished on broad white. The building serves to illustrate the relationship between architecture and commerce. Being an architect of the neoclassical times, Sullivan maintained his phrase of form follows function in his design work. He thus resorted to coming up with a building that reflects the social functions that are to be served by the space 2 .   This was after he analyzed the challenges of high-rise commercial architecture. He illustrates his philosophy through describing an ideal tripartite skyscraper in which the first level which is the base level is the ground floor that houses business activities. The ease of public access, open space and light dominate. The second level is accessed by the public through the 3 staircase. The next level encompasses offices which have the same design because they serve the same function. As was argued by some of the modernist architects of the time, Sullivan based his design achieving more of functionality than beauty. It is possible to build a beautiful structure but at that time Sullivan went for a structure that is ugly but functional as opposed to just erecting just faà §ade architecture. Sullivan illustrates his philosophy in the design of Carson Pirie Scott Department Store in which he gives emphasis to the lower street level and entrance that attract shoppers into the store. He achieves that by using very large windows on the ground floor used in displaying products, placing the three doors that serve as the entrance within a rounded bay at a corner of the site 4 . The placement of the doors makes them visible from any direction when one is approaching the building. Giedion, Sigfried. Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. New York: Harvard University Press, 2013. Siry, Joseph. Carson Pirie Scott: Louis Sullivan and the Chicago Department Store. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.

The Legacy of Keynes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Legacy of Keynes - Essay Example The influence of J.M. Keynes work is immense in the field of economics as he revolutionised economics with his classic book written in 1936, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money and changed the way we perceive the role of economy and governments in social life. With the introduction of the theory of income expenditure multiplier in 1931 by Richard Kahn, Keynes worked on the basis of his work which was to bring about revolutionary ideas to the field of economy giving rise to a new branch of economics known as the 'macroeconomics' (Keynes, 1936/1974). In a two volume Treatise on Money published in 1930 Keynes established the Wicksellian theory of the credit cycle in which the initial ideas of the liquidity preference theory of interest are suggested. This has been considered as one of the most important of Keynes contributions along with his ideas on marginal efficiency of investment. The impact of his 1936 book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money has been unprecedented not only because of the timing of its publications but also due to its unique approach that brought in a new brand of Keynesian economics (Coddington 1976; 1260; Trevithick 1992). This book was released during the period of the Great Depression and had major political, social and economic impact. Within the general theory, Keynes sought to develop a theory that can explain the formation of aggregate output and employment considering aggregate demand as the determining factor. He introduced certain revolutionary concepts in economics such as the co ncept of demand-determined equilibrium. He also suggested that price flexibility is generally ineffective as a cure to unemployment. Keynes also gave a unique theory of money based on "liquidity preference", and highlighted the role of radical expectations (Trevitihick 1992; Keynes 1936/1974). He worked on the marginal efficiency of investment schedule and taking a detour from Say's Law reversed the savings-investment causation relationship, and also suggested the possibility of government fiscal and monetary policy that can be used to counter the problems of recessions and control economic booms for a balanced and predictable economy.The Keynesian ideas were controversial as they were revolutionary and although Keynes had support of progressive economists he faced severe opposition from traditional ones. The "IS-LM" representation of Keynes's theory initiated the "Neoclassical-Keynesian Synthesis" and became the most popular and dominant form of macroeconomics by the 1960s (Chrysta l et al, 1994; Snowdown et al.1994). The Keynesian synthesis however went through changes in the Post Keynesian era although Keynes' theories were retained in the original forms. Keynes influence was pronounced due to the combined factors of the Depression, post war economy and Keynes revolutionary ideas that changed the way economists perceived or interpreted the role of government and concepts of economic theories (Snowdown et al, 1994). The inflationary gap of the post war era as identified by Keynes led to his emphasis on compulsory savings and setting up of an international commodity reserve. In a later

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay - 7

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman - Essay Example Without a doubt, there is an evident distance between the narrator and her husband as revealed in the story. This paper will carry out a critical analysis of the narrator explaining the changes that happened to her and why the changes proved to be highly significant. From the first line of the story, it is evident that the narrator is a female, married to a man named John. In addition, the couple belongs to the middle class as highlighted when the narrator says they were â€Å"mere ordinary people†. The narrator goes further to introduce the reader to the fact that they secured an ancestral home for their summer vacation (Gilman 1). The ancestral home is an important aspect of the narrator because it has features that trigger her imagination. The narrator has just given birth to a newborn baby and has been diagnosed with a form of depression. Probably, the narrator suffers from post-partum depression. The reader can also note that the narrator exhibits a sensitive temperament and is a committed writer. Since she is suffering from depression, her husband recommended her to avoid any form of work that may stimulate her intellectual capacities. Her husband is a physician by profession, explaining why he recommends a rest cure for her. Howeve r, the narrator disagrees with the views of her husband. She believes that the rest cure is only denying her an opportunity to indulge in her imagination. For this reason, she chooses to secretly write down journals that focus on the intriguing things she identifies in the house. She has identified a yellow wallpaper in the bedroom, which defines her center of obsession (5). Her husband’s sister ensures that she does not indulge in any involving work. However, the narrator develops tactics of keeping her writing a secret. She spends a lot of time analyzing the yellow wallpaper and trying to understand its meaning. Eventually, the narrator begins

A ustralian Company Accounting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A ustralian Company Accounting - Coursework Example Income tax Liability (Statement of Financial Position) $ 4,650 Requirement 3: Treatment: Doubtful Debts Expense: Doubtful debts represent that balance of amount which will not be recoverable out of the total trade receivables of the company. This is considered to be a trade expense thus is accounted for in the income statement of the company. Rent Revenue: Rent revenue is defined as an income generated by the company through renting out any of its assets. It can include machinery, equipment or property. All kinds of income generated by the company are included in the profit and loss account of the company. But for tax purposes it is taxable under savings income heading so it will be deducted from the profit of the company and taxable separately as the savings income has a different tax rate. Entertainment Expense: Entertainment expense comprises of the expense incurred during the process of entertaining the clientele of the company. As the entertainment expenses incurred on the emplo yees is not an allowable expense for tax purposes, it is assumed that this expense relates to the one incurred on the clientele unless otherwise stated. Thus it will also be included in the profit and loss account of the company for tax purposes as a deductible. Requirement 4: Calculation of Deferred Tax Asset and Liability: Calculation of tax base values of assets: MOTOR VEHICLE: Book Value ($) Tax Base ($) Motor Vehicle (Cost) 18,000 18,000 Motor Vehicle (Acc. Depreciation) (15.750) (18,000) ------------------- ---------------- 2,250 Nil Thus Deferred Tax Liability = 2,250 * 30% = $675 EQUIPMENT: Book Value ($) Tax Base ($) Equipment (Cost) 100,000 100,000 Equipment (Accumulated Depreciation) (60,000) (45,000) ------------------- ----------------- 40,000 55,000 Deferred Tax Asset = ($55,000-$40,000) * 30% = $ 4,500 RECEIVABLES: Tax Base = $12,000 Thus deferred tax liability = 12,000 * 30%= $3,600 RENT RECEIVBALE: Tax Base = $2,800 Thus deferred tax liability = 2,800 * 30% = $840 T otal Deferred Tax Liability = $675+$3,600+$840 = $ 5,115 Thus the new deferred tax asset and liability becomes $4,500 and $5,115 respectively. Requirement 4: Journal Entries: Deferred Tax Asset: Dr. Tax Expense (Statement of financial performance) $ 1,950 Cr. Deferred Tax Asset (Balance sheet) $ 1,950 Deferred Tax Liability: Dr. Tax Expense (Statement of financial performance) $ 2,370 Cr. Deferred Tax Liability (Balance sheet) $ 2,370 Question 2: REPORT Executive Summary This report is designed for the purpose of reflecting on the new accounting policy change that is being implemented by the company which requires the company to disclose its advertisement expense as an asset as opposed to be treated as an expense as it incurs. In this report it was observed and suggested that the criteria for the policy change implemented by the company met the recognition criteria of an asset as set by the AASB (Australian Accounting Standard Board), and was of material balance to be disclosed in t he financial statements of the company. Introduction: The purpose of this report is to determine if the new policy of the company to record its advertisement expenses as an asset is true and fair according to Australian

The Enlightenment And The Development Of Scientific Method Philosophy Essay

The Enlightenment And The Development Of Scientific Method Philosophy Essay After Greek Civilization happened around 500 B.C., Sophists asserted that human should be aware of themselves and nature as Protagoras declared (Feibleman, 1995). The early philosophical thinking influenced the way people understood and gained the knowledge. The Scientific Revolution, which began in 17th century and associated with some familiar names like Isaac Isaac Newton (1643-1727), Galileo Galileo (1564-1642), had a huge impact on course of science and progress of human knowledge. Most scientific philosophers in that period believed that reason was the key to a correct method, and the model of reason was mathematics. (Hankins 2003, p. 2) Before the Enlightenment, people believed the knowledge, all intellectuals and natural world were creations of Gods will, but during the pre-modern period people started to challenge those thoughts existed since 16th century. The Enlightenment was a period when the reason was regarded as the way leading to true knowledge and several new concepts emerged did had a huge impact on development of scientific method. In 2003, Hankins described that the Enlightenment was not a fixed set of beliefs but a way of thinking, a critical approach that was supposed to open the way for constructive thought and action. (Hankins 2003, p. 2)The aim of this report is trying to describe and state the importance of Enlightenment in the development of the scientific method of inquiry. The Enlightenment not only provided scientific disciplines, but also had huge impact on latter development of scientific method. Part 1 Influential Philosophers and Scientific Method Influential Philosophers There were two major early modern thoughts emerged during the period of the Enlightenment: the Empiricism associated with Francis Bacon (1561-1626), John Locke (1632-1704) etc. and the Rationalism associated with Renà © Descartes (1596-1650) etc. The Empiricism refers to an argument asserted knowledge should be gained from sense experience and it also emphasized on several aspects of scientific knowledge related to evidence. Francis Bacons writings The Advancement of Learning and Novum Organon indicated a clearly features of scientific thinking accessing to the truth should base on observation (Smith, 2003) And he also argued that the key activity of science as one of demystifying existing false and irrational interpretations of the world around us (Smith 2003, p. 48) The powerful argument explained us that empirical observation is the way we should start from to gain real knowledge and up to this point he is seem as the Father of Experimental Philosophy (Lewes 1867, p. 119) John Locke who developed Bacons idea and pursued that the method of acquiring knowledge was to be based on in terms of sense experience. But how can we separate the knowledge gained only by sense experience and the substantive knowledge? On this point Loc ke developed Bacons idea and to some extent had impact on Metaphysics by dividing propositions into analytic/synthetic distinction (Smith 2003, p. 60). The Rationalism which associated with Renà © Descartes refers to a set of argument asserting knowledge result from logical and deductive human reasoning. Descartes made marked contribution on the development of mathematics to discover the application of Algebra to Geometry. And his system indicated that consciousness being the only ground of certitude, mathematics the only method of certitude. (Lewes 1867, p.145) Scientific Method There was only one the Enlightenment in human history, but there were several steps of construction of science and its method. There is undoubted that the Enlightenment was influenced by various philosophical thoughts, so to understand the relation between philosophy and science and scientific method should be the first step as to gain main target explaining the importance of the Enlightenment on development of scientific method. 1.jpg Figure 1 Perspective on the place and role of scientific method Gauch, G. H. (2003) Scientific Method in Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Online Image] available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iVkugqNG9dACprintsec=frontcoverdq=scientific+methodlr=hl=zh-CNsource=gbs_similarbooks_scad=1#v=onepageq=f=true Figure 1 gave a clear explanation of relation between philosophy, philosophy of science and scientific method. It is obvious to find that philosophy is grounded by common sense. Philosophy of science is the foundation of scientific method which supports scientific specialties and technology. Lewes provided a good definition of philosophy: philosophy attempts to explain the phenomena of the universe. (Lewes 1867, p. xix) The relationship between philosophy and science can be described as following statement: science is the systematization of different generalities achieved according to particulars, and philosophy is the systematization of the generalities of generalities (Losee, 1980). So we could assert that each science associated with philosophy will be the co-ordination of its highest truths.(e. g. philosophy of science) (Lewes 1867, p. xix) The scientific method would be an essential and crucial tool access to revealing the truth through application of two patterns of reasoning which they are: Deduction and Induction. As Toraldo di Francia stated in Gowers book in 1997 that a scientific method cannot adequately be discussed if it is divided from the science to which it applies. (Gower 1997, p. 6-7) The scientific method used in each specific science gradually evolved as what science did. But the period of the Enlightenment had a significant impact on the development of scientific method of inquiry. Part 2 The significance of the Enlightenment in the development of the scientific method of inquiry Rosenberg argued science did not really spring up independently elsewhere before or after its emergence among the Greeks 2500 years ago (Rosenberg 2000, p. 14). In ancient science, most thinkers never confronted with reality because they believed those findings were all self-disclosed and self sustained. Aristotle the first philosopher of science (Losee 1980, p. 6) may be truly styled the father of the Inductive Philosophy and announce with a completeness and precision not surpassed by Bacon himself. (Lewes 1867, p. 285) Also as Lewes (1867) stated that Aristotle was the first who arranged speculative questions of discriminate between objective and subjective conceptions of phenomena, and suggested the research. By holding the contrast opinion on Plato, Aristotle searched his basis in sensory perception. His inductive deductive method gave a view of scientific inquiry that started from observation to explanatory principles by using induction and went back to observation by using ded uction (Losee, 1980). C:Documents and SettingsSophieà ¦Ã‚ ¡Ã…’à ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢aristotel.jpg Figure 2 Aristotles inductive deductive procedure Losee, J. (1980) A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Whether we accept it or not, the ancient scientific thoughts were the foundation of the methodology in pre-modern period. Francis Bacon an empiricist in the Enlightenment and Descartes are regarded as the Fathers of Modern Philosophy as Lewes stated (Lewes, 1867). He published a well-known literary Novum Organum in 1620 asserted a new scientific method and replace previous Aristotles methodology as Losee (1980) stated. As Bacon said all merely logical explanations are valueless (Lewes 1867, p. li), up to this point experience and induction were his reliance. Nevertheless Alexandre Koyrà © and E. J. Dijksterhuis in Losees book (1980) argued that Bacon regarded as an innovator achieved nothing in science, and his critical opinion an inductive-experimental method was not incisive and original one comparing with Aristotelian method. On the contrary, John Herschel declared in Losees book (1980) that the task executed by Francis Bacon substituted in Aristotles method was stronger and bett er. C:Documents and SettingsSophieà ¦Ã‚ ¡Ã…’à ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢1.jpg Figure 3 Bacons Ladder of Axioms Losee, J. (1980) A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. As Figure 3 presented, Bacons new method explained scientific procedure should stress on three steps: gradually, progressive inductions and a method of exclusion (Losee 1980, p. 64). And to some extent, Bacon agreed with Aristotles outline of scientific procedure that the progression in science should start from observations to general principles and back to observations. So Losee (1980) argued Bacon in 1620 also emphasized the inductive scientific procedure which should gradually develop from low degree of generality to inclusive ones. Furthermore, Bacon (1620) demonstrated that natural and experimental histories should be the base of the pyramid. Bacon summarized Aristotles weakness of inductive deductive method that did not critically practice collected data and work without enough observations, and provided his own opinion of stressing on practical application of scientific knowledge, nevertheless Lewes (1867) argued Bacon failed in scientific research because he denied the valu e claimed for methodology. The inversion of Francis Bacons scientific procedure was announced by Renà © Descartes. Descartes agreed with Bacons propositions of pyramid, but hold the opposite opinion to state that the work to seek general laws should begin at the top of the pyramid and go downwards as far as possible by using a deductive procedure. And he also claimed that any idea which is both clearly and distinctly present to the mind must be true. (Losee 1980, p. 71) And Lewes (1867) argued that due to Descartes argument we could say the Deductive Method was finally and completely constructed. The impact of Enlightenment on scientific method The previous methodology in the Enlightenment provided a scientific and philosophical foundation of modern science, and directly impacted Galileo, Newton in their scientific method. Just as Smith (2003) argued that the scientific method provided by Bacon and Descartes established the framework for modern scientific knowledge. Galileo who made observation of the surface of the sun and four satellites of Jupiter promoted the Method of Resolution and the Method of Composition. He agreed with Bacons inductive method and Descartes deductive. Let me explain. Just like Losee (1980) said Galileos agreement of importance of physical abstraction and idealization extended the inductive techniques. In Method of Resolution, Galileo sampled a series of fluids from observed bodies and gave an extrapolation. Losee (1980) argued that this extrapolation was only based on an ordered phenomenon, but no normal phenomena. And such idealization method makes him emphasize on imagination on the process of scientific procedure. But on the other hand, he also processed deductive method. In the Method of Composition, Galileo suggested the deduction of consequences that hypothesize the maximum range is achieved at 45 degree (Losee 1980, p. 55). Ohear (1991) described Galileos method had a positive feature in deductive systematization . Newton directly disagreed with Descartes deductive method and supported an examination of phenomena according to peoples generalization. So Newton declared that Although the arguing from Experiments and Observations by Induction is no Demonstration of general Conclusion, yet it is the best way of arguing which the Nature of Things admits of. (Newton 1952, p. 404) But on the other hand, he also applied deductive method in famous Optical experiment. So Smith described that it was creative mix of precise observation and scientific detachment from ones object derived from Bacon and the assumption of human consciousness as the source of knowledge derived from Descartes.(Smith 2003, p. 53) Lets see how Newton argued his Analysis and Synthesis Method and how it applied on scientific procedure. Newton affirmed Aristotles inductive-deductive procedure and opposed this as his Method of Analysis and Synthesis. In order to justify his thought, he agreed with Grosseteste and Roger Bacon in 13th century and Galileo and Francis Bacon in 17th century as Ohear (1991) described. His method fully applied in his famous optical experiment, and find out sunlight is consisted of different colors. He used inductively argued that rays of sunlight have refractive feature, and then he used deductive to justify his hypothesis for further consequences of this theory. Thus he was able introduce his laws of motion and gravitation. Conclusion The debates between deduction and induction never stopped, but the Enlightenment was such a crucial period that found the most important argument that any truth and scientific knowledge cannot be achieved without a correct scientific method. And the promotion of those methods was encouraged by several different philosophical scientists with various backgrounds. The reasoning is such a process by using scientific method to investigate new knowledge and revise previous knowledge. If a hypothetical reasoning bases on sense experience, the deductive reasoning is such a process may make the scientific conclusion more reliable and valid. Just like Gower said the reasoning they require is, in fact, deductive rather than inductive. No matter which method they would prefer, the significance of the Enlightenment is to establish thinking searching scientific methodology for each scientific course.

Visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Viewing the Asian Art Colle

Visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Viewing the Asian Art Collections The Metropolitan Museum of Art has one of the finest Asian art collections that has enlightened and strengthened my understanding in my personal art experience. The Museum itself is an artistic architectural structure that graces the entire block on 82nd Street in Manhattan. Entering inside, I sensed myself going back into an era, into a past where people traded ideas and learned from each other. It is a past, where I still find their works of yesteryears vividly within my grasp, to be remembered and shared as if their reflections of works were cast for the modern devoted learner. Walking into the Hall of the Buddhas, there was a sense of peace and guidance lingering inside me. The seated Bodhisattva, of the Northern Wei dynasty (386-534), CA.480, from the Yungang, Cave xv, Shani Province, made of sandstone, guarded the entrance. At first, I thought it was a time to be disciplined, but the transcending smile from the statue was a delicate fixed gesture that offered a feeling of welcome. It was not a place to confess your wrongdoings; neither was it a place for me to say, â€Å"Buddha I have sinned.† It was a room to purify the mind, the mind that we take for granted without giving it harmony. There was a large mural decorating the main wall called â€Å"The Paradise of Bhaishajyaguru†(916-1125). I sat down wandering if the artist of the portrait knew that his work would one day be shared on this side of the world, in my time. Much like Jesus Christ and his followers, the mural is a painting of healers and saviors. It was a large figure of the Bud dha of medicine, (Bhaishajyaquru) surrounded by followers of Bodhisattvas, Avalokiteshvara, and Mahosthamaprapta with twelve guardian generals who have pledged to disseminate the Buddha’s teaching (Tradition of Liao 916-1125, Metropolitan Museum wall plaque). On the other side, I noticed a standing statue called â€Å"Quan Yin† that I have often encountered. It was an Avalokiteshvara from the Sui dynasty (581-618) made of limestone (Metropolitan Museum Plaque). Unlike the Quan Yin statue at home or any of the ones I have seen, it was difficult to pinpoint the gender of this Saint. I often hear people ask if â€Å"Quan Yin† was really a female, but throughout my learning experience it was mainly worshipped by women and given the status as female. Perh... ...tues being so near. From the Sui dynasty (581-618), the â€Å"Quan Yin† statue reminded me of the readings in class about Red Azalea. I have always thought that this was a female saint; however, after seeing and observing it, maybe I’m wrong. Another place in the museum that evoked my feelings was the Japanese collection. The Japanese Buddhas were mentally more lifelike, because of the details of the color in the eyes. One could mistake some of them for demons and evil beings. However, they are all doers of good for mankind. The Japanese exhibit felt like a place of court where people came in to be cleansed, forgiven and punished after their evil deeds. Overall, my learning experience has taken me to a higher level of understanding that diversity within the same beliefs in Buddhism are mainly different by the way they migrated and the way Buddha is represented in the features and looks in another culture. However, whatever the culture might be, the teachings of Budd ha are all shared and learned the same way: â€Å"To do no evil.† â€Å"To cultivate all good.† â€Å"To purify the mind.† â€Å"And this is the teaching of the Buddha.† (Shakyamuni Buddha, Grace Gratitude Buddhist temple, wallet card

Murder Most Foul

Hi, my name is Nick Kingson. I live in the suburb of London city. I live in an institute for homeless people. I have been here for the last past nine years. I am now 17 years old. During my nine years in the institution, my best friend has been David Bryant. He is like me but his past has a tragedy storey. His mother was black and his father was white. During a shopping trip, his parents were stepped in the parking area by white youths. David was only three then and couldn't do anything. When I heard his storey, I couldn't stop my tears. The tears were like a riverbank waiting to burst. Unlike him, my parents were with me until I was six. After that my father left my mum and went with another woman. As if that wasn't enough my mother died in a car accident. Later I found out that the accident occurred because she was drinking alcohol. I warned here about here addiction to alcohol and how it could get her into trouble, but she never listened. And know look where I am, a homeless teenager. The institute follows a strict rule like no television after ten, no smoking or drugs, etc. David and I didn't really fit in and we had plans. We didn't want to live here for the rest of our lives. The administrator of the institute had a close eye on David. After what happened to his parents, David didn't like white people. For some reason, David came very friendly with me and told me most of his secrets, even though I was white. I guess he trusted me and the things we had in common bought us closer together. On April 7th 2003, we made a plan to get out of the institute and find a place for ourselves, where there were no rules. During that night we got out of the institute and went into the city. What a site it was! The city had so many shops that I lost count of it after three minutes, imagine that. At the time we didn't have any money and we were starving. We decided to go to the local restaurants and ask them if they needed any help, and in return we get food. All of them refused our offer. It was probably because we didn't have any reference of previous employment and we could give them our address or telephone number. We didn't have one. It was mid-day now and we very getting really hungry. I felt like a balloon without air inside. I never felt like this because when we were in the institute, we got out food on time. We came across a shop that had food on display. Looking at it made our mouth watery. We had no choice; we took some of the food and ran as fast as we can. After running for half a mile, the shop owner stopped chasing us. We ate the food. At the moment I thought how we are going to survive. I lived most of my life in an institute and didn't know much about the outside world. It was getting dark and as we were walking around the street, we found an old abandoned house. It looked empty. So we decided to take the night there. We thought the back door will be open but it wasn't. We decided to break the glass a bit just enough to open the door. As we entered, we found the kitchen. It looked like if some one was there because there were bread and butter on the dinning table, and the fridge was full of allsorts of things, like milk, fruit juice etc. I told David to check downstairs while I go upstairs and check there. As I was checking the rooms, I heard a loud noise from downstairs. It looked like if an old lady screamed. I quickly ran down stairs and there I found an old lady lying near the fridge bleeding. The blood was all over the floor. I guess she lost about one liter of blood. I asked David what happened and he did speak. It was like if he went in to coma or something. I tried to wake the lady up but she kept lying on the floor. I smacked David and he finally woke up. I asked him what happened again and he kept on saying, â€Å"I didn't meaning it†. I asked to explain what happened and he said, â€Å"The lady walked in and saw me and then came up with her walking stick. I tried to stop her but she fell backwards on the metal fridge. † I told him it wasn't his fault. I didn't want to waste anymore time. We phoned the ambulance and told them about our location and what happened. After twenty minutes, the ambulance arrived, with them came the police. At that time I wanted to ran and leave the scene of the accident and then I thought if I did that I would look like a criminal. The doctor came firing though the front door. We stepped back. Just after that everything seemed like it was ok, but them the policeman walked thought the door. He asked us what happened and we told the whole truth. He took us into custody. We stayed in the prison cell over the night. The next morning the policeman walked through the door and he face projected a sad news. He told us that the old lady died in the hospital during the night. David placed his hand over his face and cried. I didn't feel it was his fault, but it was our fault for breaking in an entry and because of that an old lady died. The policeman told us from the evidence they gathered that we told the true story. I felt a bit relaxed but I wouldn't forget what happened. I will always have the cogence that I was responsible for a death. David took the death harder on himself. He felt that it was his fault. We had to do community sentence for 1 year. As time went on I got a bit better and came back to my self. On the other hand, David was still thinking about it. I told him about hundred of times but still he feels it's his fault. Our sentence passed quickly and we were back at the institute. The life went normal there. But to this date David is still thinking about what happened.

Chessington History Essay

Chessington Zoo was opened in July 1931 as a private venture by Reginald Goddard who invited the public to view his private animal collection. After the War Chessington soon became known for the different types of entertainment it could offer:- a circus, a funfair and a miniature railway as well as the zoo. Despite this in the early 1970’s the attendance figures of over 800,000 began to decline. The Zoo was in need of further investment. In 1978 the Pearson Group bought Chessington and when they later bought Madame Tussauds, they put all their leisure interests together to form the Tussauds Group. 1981 saw the beginning of the planning for the transformation of Chessington. Six years and i 12m later the Park was ready. It was opened in July 1987 by H. R. H. Prince Edward. The opening coincided with the opening of the M25 which gives easy access to the Park from various parts of the country. Approximately 18m people live within a 2 hour drive of the Park. On 19th October 1998 it was announced that Pearson had sold the Tussauds Group to Charterhouse Development Capital for i 352m. The Tussaud’s Group Vision and Mission Vision: â€Å"Entertaining People†. Mission: To deliver real growth in profits to take Europe’s leading entertainment world-wide†. The Marketing Department are a small team who work across both Chessington World of Adventures and Thorpe Park. It is the overall responsibility of the Marketing department to ensure that the brand identities of the two Parks are maintained in all communication both on and off the Parks. They do this through first identifying the brand identity, target market, and visual representation of the brand, i. e. the logo. For Chessington the target market is families with children under 12. Each year the marketing department will put together a marketing plan that covers the following areas: Product. Although almost without exception a new attraction is launched each year, and the main launch communication will focus on that, general communication about the rest of the Park is required. Theme Parks provide a whole day out for the family and it’s not just about the rides. The other attractions, places to eat, games, photography, the atmosphere, all play an important part in delivering a great day out. Pricing. There is a complex pricing structure for the Park which looks to maximise the revenue the Park can achieve with it’s targeted number of visitors. Marketing will review the pricing each year and along with the finance department look at how the budgeted targets can be achieved through the pricing matrix. Advanced sales are important to the business and for this reason tickets booked in advance are discounted, also those booked via the Internet are further discounted as this is a more efficient way for us to produce the tickets. Advanced tickets reduce the queues at admissions as visitors already have their tickets and can go straight in to the Park. Promotion. Promotion of the Park happens via a number of different communication channels. Advertising. This is generally broken down into two areas, the creative production of the advert and then the choice of where to place that advert, TV, Radio, Press etc. For the year 2002 communication for Chessington will focus on the new attraction, Hocus Pocus Hall. The main creative idea is all based around ‘The New Adventure Starts Here’. This new creative idea will be adapted for use on TV, Radio, Press and in Children’s comics, ie The Beano. Promotions. Promotions are very import in incentivising visitors to come to the Park. The incentive is generally either a Buy One get One Free mechanic or a discount off the full adult or child price. Chessington ran promotions on it’s own or in conjunction with the Tussauds Group, ie Tesco. Promotions can be run with a wide variety of partners, Esso, News of the World, KP Skips or solus via a direct mail campaign to surrounding homes. Public Relations. This area is all about getting positive exposure in the media, TV, Radio and Press. This is generally achieved through issuing Press Releases and conducting interviews with journalists. Measuring the Success. Throughout the year, how the Park is doing against its financial targets is constantly reviewed, but in addition Marketing conducts ongoing research into how the Park is performing on a daily basis. Questionnaires are handed out to visitors as they leave asking them to rank the rides’ experiences, eating places, how friendly and helpful the staff were, etc. This provides information on where things may be going wrong and how to put them right. New Media is a crucial area for involvement now and in the future. In addition to maintaining it’s own site: www. chessington. com, the Marketing department looks to exploit other opportunities for advertising, promotions and PR on other sites. Use of agencies. Chessington uses a wide variety of agencies as they bring different areas of expertise and experiences to the department. We use an advertising agency to create the TV, Radio adverts etc. and also for all the design work for the Gate Map. The space for the TV, Radio slots etc  is purchased by a Media Buying agency. We also use a Sales Promotion agency, PR agency and Internet design agencies. Corporate Hospitality makes it possible for businesses to entertain their guests at Chessington World of Adventures. Up to 3 000 corporate guests can be catered for at any one time. Education. An establishment like Chessington World of Adventures offers the opportunity for students studying the leisure industry, business or animals to visit the Park and find out more about their subject. For this reason, it is possible for groups to incorporate an educational talk into their visit. The Zoo enables guests to learn about the wildlife at Chessington World of Adventures. The Marketing Department ensure that the signage for the animals and around the Park are of a high quality and accessible by all the guests. Most often asked marketing questions Q Is the price of a new attraction affected by the viability of the ride? A Careful research is undertaken before a new attraction is bought. The attraction may be put in place to address a gap in guest numbers for a particular age range. The new attraction will encourage that element to visit the Park and therefore increase guest satisfaction.